SKI HELMETS

Ski helmets typically combine a tough outer shell and an energy-absorbing inner core. The shell is usually made from polycarbonate, ABS plastic, or composite materials like carbon fibre, while the core is most often EPS (expanded polystyrene) or EPP (expanded polypropylene) foam designed to absorb impact energy efficiently.​

In-Mold helmets fuse a polycarbonate shell directly to an EPS foam liner, creating a lightweight, compact design ideal for comfort and ventilation. ABS (hard-shell) helmets bond a separate, thicker shell to a shock-absorbing core for enhanced durability and impact resistance, making them popular among freeride and park skiers.

Hybrid helmets merge the two main constructions, using ABS on the upper shell for durability and In-Mold design on the lower portion for reduced weight. This results in balanced performance, offering both strength and comfort for all-mountain skiing.

MIPS (Multi-Directional Impact Protection System) is a thin, low-friction layer that allows the helmet to move slightly relative to the head during angled impacts. This helps reduce rotational forces transmitted to the brain, lowering the risk of certain types of head injury.​

WaveCel technology uses a collapsible cellular structure inside the helmet to absorb both linear and rotational impacts. It acts like a network of shock absorbers, distributing energy more evenly and offering protection up to 40 times better than standard foam in certain tests.​

EPS (expanded polystyrene) foam is rigid and compresses under impact, ideal for single-impact protection. EPP (expanded polypropylene) is more flexible and durable, capable of withstanding multiple smaller impacts without losing structural integrity.

Ski helmets use adjustable air channels and vents to regulate airflow and temperature. Systems vary by brand but often include front intake and rear exhaust vents for continuous circulation, keeping the skier cool during high activity and warm in cold conditions.

Certified ski helmets must meet international safety standards such as EN 1077 (Europe), ASTM F2040 (USA), or CE EN 1078. These standards ensure helmets provide consistent impact protection and structural reliability under snow sports conditions.

Modern helmets may include RECCO reflectors for avalanche search detection, integrated visors or goggle clips, adjustable dial-fit systems, and removable liners with antimicrobial or moisture-wicking fabrics for hygiene and comfort.

A ski helmet should be replaced every 3–5 years, or immediately after a significant impact, even if no external damage is visible. Materials like EPS foam degrade over time, reducing their ability to absorb shock effectively in future falls.