BACKPACKING

For backpacking, essentials include a lightweight backpack (30-50 litres), tent or shelter, sleeping bag, sleeping pad, headlamp or flashlight with extra batteries, stove with fuel, cookware, water bottles, water filter or purification tablets, first aid kit, weather-appropriate clothing, and high-energy food. Prioritise items that are light, compact, and multi-functional for easier carrying. 

Select a backpack with a capacity of 30-50 litres for overnight trips or up to 70 litres for longer expeditions. Look for adjustable straps, a supportive hip belt, and a rain cover. Comfort and fit are crucial - try on packs with weight before purchasing to ensure even load distribution and minimise strain. 

Lightweight tents, tarps, or hammocks are popular choices. Opt for a tent that is easy to set up, weather-resistant, and compact. For solo trips, a 1-2 person tent is ideal. Consider the season, expected weather, and terrain when choosing between a tent, tarp, or hammock system. 

Pack lightweight, high-calorie foods such as energy bars, nuts, jerky, and dehydrated meals. Bring a portable stove for cooking and a collapsible water container. Always carry a water filter or purification tablets and plan to refill from natural sources along your route to reduce pack weight. 

Bring moisture-wicking base layers, insulating mid-layers, a waterproof jacket, extra socks, and a hat. Choose lightweight, quick-drying fabrics and pack only what you need. Consider the weather forecast and pack additional layers for warmth if needed. Proper footwear is essential for comfort and safety. 

Include a first aid kit, map and compass or GPS, whistle, multi-tool, and spare batteries for your headlamp. For remote trips, consider a personal locator beacon. Familiarise yourself with basic first aid and navigation skills before heading out. 

Use dry bags or stuff sacks to separate and waterproof your gear. Store electronics and important items in sealed pouches. Pack your sleeping bag and clothes in compression sacks to save space and keep them dry in case of rain or river crossings.