Essential climbing gear includes a climbing rope, harness, helmet, belay device, locking and non-locking carabiners, quickdraws, chalk bag, and climbing shoes. For outdoor climbing, also bring a rope bag, approach shoes, and a guidebook or topo. These items form the foundation for safe and enjoyable climbing experiences. 

Select a harness that fits comfortably, offers adjustable leg loops, and has gear loops for equipment. A helmet should fit snugly, provide adequate ventilation, and be certified for climbing. Both items are crucial for safety - always try them on before buying to ensure a proper fit and comfort during long sessions. 

Sport climbing gear focuses on quickdraws, a single dynamic rope, and minimal protection, as bolts are pre-placed. Trad climbing requires additional gear like cams, nuts, hexes, and slings for placing your own protection. Both styles need a harness, helmet, belay device, and climbing shoes, but trad climbing involves a larger and more varied rack.

Quickdraws connect your rope to fixed protection or bolts, allowing the rope to run smoothly and reducing rope drag. Carabiners—both locking and non-locking—are used for attaching gear, building anchors, and securing yourself at belay stations. Having enough of both is vital for safety and efficiency on the wall. 

In addition to core climbing gear, pack a first aid kit, sunscreen, sunglasses, water bottle, snacks, headlamp, extra layers, and a multi-tool or knife. These items help you stay comfortable, prepared for emergencies, and able to adapt to changing weather or unexpected situations during your climb.